Metatropeas HEIC se JPG

Ti einai i morfi HEIC kai giati na ti metatrepsete

I HEIC (High Efficiency Image Container) einai mia morfi eikonas pou anaptychthike apo tin omada MPEG kai yiothetithike apo tin Apple os i typiki morfi fotografion stis syskeyes iOS apo tin ekdosi 11 to 2017. Otan travate fotografies me iPhone, iPad i travate screenshots se Mac, oi eikones apothikeyontai apo proepilogi se HEIC.

I morfi vasizetai ston kodika HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding, gnostos kai os H.265) - ton idio pou chrisimopoieitai gia ti sympiesi video 4K kai 8K. Chari stoys sygchronoys algorithmus sympiesis, i HEIC parechei to miso megethos archeiou se sygkrisi me to JPG diatirontas tin idia optiki poiotita. Gia toys christes iPhone ayto simainei exoikonomisi chorou sto iCloud kai sti syskeyi choris orati apolia poiotitas fotografion.

Ostoso, i HEIC echei ena simantiko meionektima - periorismeni symvatotita. Ta Windows 10 kai 11 apaitoun egkatastasi prostheton codec gia tin provoli archeion HEIC. To Android ypostirizei ti morfi mono stis teleytaies ekdoseis. Polles ypiresies web, epexergastes grafikon kai programmata ektyposis den anagnorizoun tin HEIC. Gi' ayto i metatropi se JPG paramenei aparaititi gia tin ergasia me fotografies iPhone se katholiko perivallon.

Technikes idiotites HEIC kai JPG

Architektoniki morfon

I HEIC einai mia morfi container ikani na apothikeyei ochi mono eikones, alla kai akolouthies kareon (Live Photos), seires lipson kai dedomena vathous gia ti leitoyrgia portrait. Mesa ston container, i eikona kodikopoieitai chrisimopoiontas HEVC - enan algorithmo me proigmeni intra-prediction, epektamena megethi block (eos 64x64 pixels anti gia 16x16 tis JPG) kai prosarmostiko quantization.

I JPG (JPEG) einai mia morfi toy 1992 vasizoumeni ston Diakriti Metaschimatismo Synimitonou (DCT). I eikona chorizetai se block 8x8 pixels, kathe block metaschimatizetai sto pedio sychnotiten, kai meta oi ypsisychnes synistoses (leptes leptomereies) aporriptontai symfona me to epipedo poiotitas. Parati tin ilikia tis, i JPG paramenei i pio diadedoumeni morfi fotografion chari stin katholiki ypostirixi.

Sygkrisi charaktiristikon

To kyrio pleonektima tis HEIC einai i apotelesmatikotita sympiesis. Mia fotografia 12 MP apo iPhone katalamvanei peripoy 1.5-2 MB se HEIC kai 3-4 MB se JPG me sygkrisimi poiotita. Gia christes me chiliades fotografies sti vivliothiki tous, ayto simainei exoikonomisi gigabyte choroy.

Chromatikos choros kai HDR

Ta sygchrona iPhone fotografizoun ston epektameno chromatiko choro Display P3, kalyptontas 25% perissoteres apochroseis apo ton typiko sRGB. I HEIC diatiri ayti tin pliroforia pliros. Kata ti metatropi se JPG, ginetai metaschimatismos se sRGB - kapies koresmenges apochroseis mporoun na allaxoun elafra, an kai gia tis perissoteres fotografies i diafora einai adiorati.

Fotografies apo iPhone 12 kai neotera mporoun na periechoun dedomena HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10). Kata ti metatropi se JPG, i chartografisi tonon metaschimatizetai se typiko dynamiko eyros. Oi foteines perioxes kai oi vathies skies diatiroun ti leptomereia, alla i akraia antithesi HDR tha sympiestei stis dynatotites tis morfis SDR.

Pote apaiteitai metatropi HEIC se JPG

Apostoli fotografion se alles syskeyes

To pio synithismeno senario - anagki moirasias fotografion iPhone me christes Windows i Android. An kai i Apple parechei aytomati metatropi kata tin apostoli meso AirDrop se mi symvates syskeyes, ayto den leitoyrgei panta:

• Synimmena email - oi pelates email mporoun na mi metatrepoun HEIC aytomata
• Cloud storage - Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive apothikeyoun tin archiki morfi
• Messengers - den ypostirizoun oloi HEIC (WhatsApp metatrepei, Telegram kratai to prototypo)
• Metafora USB - kata tin antigrafi meso diacheiristi archeion, ta archeia paramenoun se HEIC

I metatropi se JPG eggyatai oti o paraliptis tha mporei na anoixei ti fotografia se opoiadipote syskeyi.

Metafortosi se istoselideis kai koinonika diktya

Polles platformes den dechontai HEIC:

• Aggelies kai marketplaces - eBay, Amazon Seller apaitoun JPG/PNG
• Forums kai blogs - ta perissotera CMS den ypostirizoun HEIC
• Ypiresies ektyposis - ta fotografika ergastiria ergazontai kyrios me JPG
• Kyvernitikes pyles - episimes ypiresies dechontai sychna mono JPG

Akoma ki an mia platforma ypostirizei episima HEIC, i metafortosi mporei na diarkesi perissotero logo metatropis apo tin pleyra toy diakomisti.

Epexergasia se programmata triton

Den ypostirizoun oloi oi epexergastes grafikon HEIC:

Gia ergasia se programmata choris eggeni ypostirixi HEIC, apaiteitai proigoumeni metatropi se JPG.

Archeiothitisi kai makroprosthesmi apothikeusi

An kai i HEIC einai technika anoteri tis JPG, polloi protimoun JPG gia archeiothitisi fotografion gia diaforows logous:

• Makroviiotita morfis - i JPG yparchei gia pano apo 30 chronia kai tha einai anagnosimi sto mellon
• Anexartisia apo diplomata eyresitechnias - i HEVC prostateyetai apo diplomata pollon omadon
• Ypostirixi logismikoy - opoiadipote syskeyi se 20-30 chronia tha anoigei JPG

Gia simantika oikogeneiaka fotografika archeia, i metatropi se JPG exasfalizi empistosyni sti makroprosthesmi prosvasi.

Diadikasia metatropis HEIC se JPG

Stadia metatropis

1. Anagnosi HEIC container - analysi domis archeioy, exagogi kyrias eikonas apo ton container (choris Live Photos kai voithitika dedomena)

2. Apokodikopisi HEVC - aposympiesi sympiesmenon dedomenon eikonas chrisimopoiontas apokodikopiti H.265. Se ayto to stadio, oles oi times pixels apokathistantai ston pliri chromatiko choro

3. Anagnosi EXIF metadata - exagogi pliroforion lipsis: imerominía, ora, parametroi kameras, syntetagmenes GPS, prosanatolismos kareo

4. Diorthosi prosanatolismoy - efarmogi peristrofis symfona me tin etiketa EXIF Orientation. Oi fotografies iPhone sychna apothikeyontai peristrammenes me sosto prosanatolismo poy ypodeiknyetai sta metadata

5. Metatropi chromatikoy choroy - metatropi apo Display P3 i allo eyry choro se typiko sRGB gia megisti symvatotita

6. Kodikopisi JPG - sympiesi chrisimopoiontas algorithmo JPEG. To epipedo poiotitas (1-100%) kathorizei tin isoropia metaxy megethos archeioy kai leptomereias

7. Egrafi metadata - metafora dedomenon EXIF sto apotelesmatiko archeio JPG me enimeromenies plirofories prosanatolismoy

Rythmiseis poiotitas

Kata ti metatropi HEIC se JPG, i vasiki parametros einai to epipedo poiotitas:

Gia tis perissoteres ergasies, to eyros 85-95% einai veltisto - to archeio einai sympage me adiakriti optiki diafora apo to prototypo.

Ti diatireitai kai ti chanetai

Diatireitai kata ti metatropi:

• Analysi eikonas (megapixels)
• EXIF metadata (imerominía, kamera, GPS, rythmiseis lipsis)
• Optiki poiotita (me sostes rythmiseis)
• Sostos prosanatolismos kareo

Chanetai kata ti metatropi:

• Dedomena Live Photos (video prin kai meta ti lipsi)
• Plirofories vathoys (leitoyrgia portrait)
• Burst karee (an o container echei pollaples eikones)
• Eyreia gama chromaton Display P3 (metatrepetai se sRGB)
• Dedomena HDR (metatrepontai se SDR)
• Dynatotita sympiesis choris apoleies

Gia ti syntriptiki pleiopsifia ton senarion, aytes oi apoleies den einai kritikes afoy i JPG diatiri tin kyria eikona se ypsili poiotita.

Prosthetes dynatotites kata ti metatropi

Peristrof eikonas

Pera apo tin aytomati diorthosi prosanatolismoy apo EXIF, diathetai cheirokiniti peristrof kata 90°, 180° i 270°. Ayto einai chrisimo otan:

• O prosanatolismos EXIF echei katachoristei lathos
• Apaiteitai allagi tis synthesis toy kareo
• I fotografia travichtike me mi typiki thesi kameras

Klimakosi

Allagi megethoys eikonas se pososto apo to prototypo (10-500%). Efarmozeetai gia:

• Dimioyrgeia meiomenon antigrafon gia web
• Veltistopisi gia sygkekrimenes apaitiseis (gia paradeigma, 1920px gia Full HD)
• Proetoimasia mikrografion

Katoptrismos

Orizontios i kathetos antkatoptrismos eikonas. Chrisimopoieitai gia:

• Diorthosi selfie (i kamera me katoptro toy iPhone anastrefi to kareo)
• Dimioyrgeia symmetrikon syntheseon
• Proetoimasia eikonon gia ektyposi se mployzes

Metaschimatismos se aspromayro

Metatropi chromatikis fotografias se apochroseis toy gri me diatirisi toy tonikoy eyrus. Efarmozeetai gia:

• Kallitechniji epexergasia
• Engrafa kai sarosis
• Meiosi megethoys archeioy

HEIC se diafores platformes

Windows

Gia provoli HEIC sta Windows, prepei na egkatastisete epektaseis apo to Microsoft Store:

• HEIF Image Extensions - dorean, parechei vasiki provoli
• HEVC Video Extensions - me epipleon kostos (~1 eyro), apaiteitai gia epexergasia

Meta tin egkatastasi, to Windows Photos kai alla programmata tha mporoun na anoigoun HEIC. Ostoso, i metatropi se JPG paramenei pio voli lysi gia monadikes ergasies.

Android

I ypostirixi HEIC sto Android exartatai apo tin ekdosi:

• Android 9+ - vasiki ypostirixi provolis
• Android 10+ - pliris ergasia me ti morfi
• Palaioteres ekdoseis - apaitountai efarmoges triton

Kata ti metafora fotografion metaxy iPhone kai syskeyon Android, i metatropi se JPG apallassei apo provlimata symvatotitas.

Linux

Sto Linux, i ypostirixi HEIC ylopoieitai meso systimatikon stoicheion:

• Ubuntu 20.04+ - ypostirixi stoys typikoys provolitires
• GIMP - meso plugin
• ImageMagick - pliris ypostirixi metatropis

Gia epexergasia eikonon apo iPhone sto server, synisatai aytomati metatropi se JPG kata to stadio tis fortosis.

Enallaktikes tis metatropis HEIC se JPG

Rythmisi iPhone gia lipsi se JPG

An i symvatotita einai kritiki, mporite na rythmisete to iPhone na apothikeyei fotografies amesa se JPG:

• Rythmiseis -> Kamera -> Morfes -> Pio symvates

Meionektima: ta archeia tha katalamvanoun 1.5-2 fores perissotero choro.

Metatropi se WebP i AVIF

Gia erga web, anti gia JPG mporite na exetasete sygchrones morfes:

• WebP - kata 25-35% pio sympages apo JPG, ypostirizetai apo olous tous sygchronus fakeous
• AVIF - kata 40-50% pio sympages apo JPG, alla periorismeni ypostirixi

Ostoso, gia katholiki symvatotita, i JPG paramenei i veltisti epilogi.

Diatirisi se HEIC

An ta archeia paramenoyn sto oikosystima Apple (iPhone, iPad, Mac, iCloud), den apaiteitai metatropi. I HEIC ypostirizetai pliros sto:

• Fotografies (Photos) se oles tis syskeyes Apple
• iCloud Photo Library
• AirDrop metaxy syskeyon Apple
• Provoli sto macOS